BIOLOGY EM - 10th CLASS
100 DAYS ACTION PLAN - MARCH 2026
UNIT 1 – LIFE PROCESSES
1. What are the materials required for photosynthesis?
CO₂, water, sunlight, and chlorophyll.
2. The xylem is responsible for _____ in plants:
Ans: a) transport of water
3. What is nutrition?
The process of taking in food and using it for energy and growth.
4. Digestion does not occur in which part of alimentary canal?
Oesophagus.
5. Expand ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate.
6. What is the instrument used by doctors for measuring B.P.?
Sphygmomanometer.
7. What is plasma?
The liquid part of blood that carries nutrients, wastes, and proteins.
8. Finger like projections in small intestine are called:
[Image of the structure of villi in the small intestine]
Villi.
9. Why are cartilagenous rings present in trachea?
To keep the trachea open and prevent it from collapsing.
10. Which one will have longer small intestine: A goat or a tiger? Why?
Goat, because it is herbivorous and needs a longer intestine to digest cellulose.
11. What will happen if HCl is not secreted in the stomach?
• Pepsin will not form, and protein digestion stops.
• Bacteria in food won’t be killed.
• Bacteria in food won’t be killed.
12. What will happen if the respiratory tract is not moist or there is no mucus?
• Dust and germs won’t be trapped.
• Infections and breathing problems increase.
• Infections and breathing problems increase.
13. What will happen if the platelets are not present in the blood?
• Blood will not clot.
• Even small injuries may cause excessive bleeding.
• Even small injuries may cause excessive bleeding.
14. What is the digestive juice without enzymes?
Bile juice.
15. Give an example for parasitic nutrition in plants.
Cuscuta (Dodder plant).
16. ADP + ............ = ATP
ADP + Pi → ATP.
17. 1 ATP molecule releases ............ energy in K.J.
30.5 KJ.
18. How many carbon atoms are in each pyruvate molecule?
3 carbon atoms.
19. Name the different types of heterotrophic nutrition.
Holozoic, Saprophytic, Parasitic.
20. What are blood sucking animals called? Give example.
Called sanguivores or Hematophagous (Example: Leech, Mosquito).
21. What type of chemical reactions take place in our body to break down the food materials?
Hydrolysis, Oxidation–reduction, and catabolic reactions.
22. Herbivores : Very long small intestine :: Carnivores : ............
Carnivores : Short small intestine.
23. Kidneys are essential organs for survival, how do you support your statement?
Kidneys remove nitrogenous wastes and maintain salt/water balance. Without them, poisonous wastes cause death.
24. Organ donation means donation of life, do you agree? Why?
Yes, because donated organs save lives and help patients whose organs have failed.
25. The carbon and energy requirements of autotrophic organisms are fulfilled by photosynthesis. Justify.
Plants take CO₂ and water; sunlight provides energy to produce glucose for growth.
26. Salivation on thinking of our favourite dish is a psychological response. Support this.
Thinking of food stimulates the brain to signal salivary glands, preparing the mouth for digestion.
27. What will happen if the diaphragm is not there in the body?
Breathing becomes impossible as lungs cannot expand/contract.
28. Haemoglobin : Iron :: Chlorophyll : ............
Magnesium.
UNIT 2 – CONTROL AND COORDINATION
29. Name the hormone responsible for phototropism in plants.
Auxin. It helps the shoot bend towards light.
30. The gap between two neurons is called ________.
Ans: b) Synapse.
31. Which part of the brain helps in riding a bicycle?
Cerebellum. It maintains balance and posture.
32. What are the major functions of medulla oblongata?
Controls involuntary actions like heartbeat, breathing, and salivation.
33. If the cerebrum is damaged, which of the following may happen?
Ans: b) Person cannot recall memories.
34. What disease may be caused due to lack of Iodine in our daily food?
[Image of the thyroid gland showing a goitre]
Goitre.
35. Name the part of the brain that controls posture and balance of the body?
Cerebellum.
36. What will happen if all the functions of the human body are controlled by brain?
Actions slow down and the workload becomes too heavy for the brain.
37. Which part of the brain regulates the hunger and thirst?
Hypothalamus.
38. Which plant hormone is responsible for the wilting and falling of leaves?
Abscisic acid.
39. What will happen if reflex action does not occur in our body?
We cannot respond quickly to danger, leading to higher chance of injury.
40. Give an example of hormone-inhibiting or promoting growth in plants.
Growth Promoting: Auxin; Growth Inhibiting: Abscisic acid.
41. What happens if the cerebellum is influenced by alcohol?
Loss of balance and poor coordination of movements.
UNIT 3 – HOW DO ORGANISMS REPRODUCE?
42. When planaria was cut into two pieces, it developed into two individuals. This process is called?
[Image of regeneration in planaria]
Regeneration.
43. If all the organisms stop reproduction, what happens?
No new organisms will be formed and the species will disappear.
44. Expand DNA.
Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid.
45. Expand HIV.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
46. Expand AIDS.
Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.
47. Anther and filament are parts of?
Stamen.
48. Pistil has three parts namely stigma, ............ and ovary.
Style.
49. Which part of the pistil develops into a seed?
Ovule.
50. Name the part of the pistil which gradually grows to form the fruit.
Ovary.
51. Name the process in which a seed with an embryo develops into a seedling.
Germination.
52. Define reproduction.
The process by which organisms produce new individuals.
53. What is fertilization?
Fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
54. Which hormone is secreted by Testes?
Testosterone.
55. The life span of a human unfertilized egg is?
About 24 hours.
56. The approximate gestation period in humanbeings is?
About 9 months (280 days).
57. In which reproductive system do you find seminal vesicles?
In the male reproductive system.
58. The special tissue which helps the embryo to get nutrition from mother is called?
Placenta.
59. Tubectomy : Fallopian Tube :: ................ : Vas deferens.
Vasectomy.
60. Name one sexually transmitted disease.
AIDS or Gonorrhoea.
61. ............ is a contraceptive method used in females by placing it in uterus.
IUCD / Copper-T.
62. Which of the following is not a unisexual flower?
Ans: b) Mustard.
63. Which of the following is not a bisexual flower?
Ans: c) Bottle gourd.
64. Multiple fission is seen in?
Ans: d) Plasmodium.
65. In a seed diagram, identify Plumule and Radicle.
A – Plumule, B- Radicle.
66. Justify asexual reproduction in amoeba, yeast and planaria.
They need only one parent and no gametes are involved.
67. Give an example of common changes in both girls and boys during puberty.
Hair grows in armpits and genital areas.
68. "Amoeba is immortal" - Right or wrong?
Right. It divides by binary fission, so it never dies a natural death.
69. Gamete: Haploid: .............. : Diploid
Zygote.
70. Male gamete : _______ : Female gamete : ovum.
Sperm.
71. The motile germ-cell is _______?
Sperm.
72. The germ-cell containing food reserves is _______?
Egg (Ovum).
73. Name another female hormone other than oestrogen.
Progesterone.
74. The carrier of genetic information is _______?
DNA.
75. The part where spores are produced is _______?
Sporangium.
76. What are the functions of testes?
Produce sperms and secrete testosterone.
77. Anther contains _______?
Pollen grains.
78. Origin of new species happens through which reproduction?
Sexual reproduction.
79. The term callus is used in _______?
Tissue culture.
80. Name a bacterial sexually transmitted disease.
Gonorrhoea.
UNIT 4 – HEREDITY
81. What is Heredity?
Passing of traits from parents to offspring.
82. Expand DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
83. Who is called the Father of Genetics?
Gregor Johann Mendel.
84. Mention any two recessive traits of a garden pea.
Wrinkled seeds, short plants.
85. What is the genotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross?
[Image of a monohybrid cross Punnett square]
1 : 2 : 1.
86. What is the phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross?
[Image of a dihybrid cross Punnett square]
9 : 3 : 3 : 1.
87. Which gamete decides the sex of the child?
Sperm.
88. In a Mendel cross, what is the percentage of dwarf plants in F2?
25%.
89. Organisms with environmental sex determination?
Snails, Turtles, Crocodiles.
90. Write two slogans on female foeticide.
"Save girl child – save future" and "Let daughters live."
91. Write a slogan against blaming females for a girl child.
"Father decides the sex — stop blaming mothers."
92. Write examples of variations in human beings.
Height and skin colour.
93. Why are males called heterogametic?
Because they produce X and Y gametes.
94. Scientific name of pea plant?
Pisum sativum.
95. Do all variations have equal chance of survival?
No.
96. Progeny all violet but half short. Genetic make-up of tall parent?
TtWW.
97. Chromosomes determining sex in humans?
X and Y chromosomes.
98. Information source for protein synthesis?
DNA.
99. Contrasting traits chosen by Mendel?
Tall/short, round/wrinkled.
100. Appreciation for genes?
Genes pass traits from parents to offspring.
101. Example of non-genetic sex determination?
Snails.
102. What are dominant genes?
Genes expressed even in heterozygous condition.
103. Number of autosome pairs in adult boys?
22 pairs.
104. Variation chances in asexual reproduction?
Very low.
105. Monohybrid phenotypic ratio?
3 : 1.
106. Does factor determine sex in all species equally?
Yes, agree. Environment or genes decide based on species.
UNIT 5 – OUR ENVIRONMENT
107. Write a slogan for Environment Day.
"Save Earth, Save Life!"
108. Identify Producer/Herbivore: Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Eagle.
Producer: Grass; Herbivore: Grasshopper.
109. Expand CFC.
Chlorofluorocarbon.
110. Expand UNEP.
United Nations Environment Programme.
111. Chemical name of O₃?
Ozone.
112. Example of biodegradable/non-biodegradable waste?
Biodegradable: Vegetable peels; Non-biodegradable: Plastic.
113. Examples of decomposers?
Bacteria, Fungi.
114. What if all producers die?
Consumers will not get food and ecosystem will collapse.
115. What if there are no decomposers?
Waste will accumulate and nutrients won't return to the soil.
116. How many traits responsible for a character (Mendel)?
Two traits (factors).