8 Class - Chapter: Crop Production and Management NOTES
1. Select the correct word from the following list and fill in the blanks.
(a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called _____________.
Answer: Crop
(b) The first step before growing crops is _____________ of the soil.
Answer: Preparation
(c) Damaged seeds would _____________ on top of water.
Answer: Float
(d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and _____________ and _____________ from the soil are essential.
Answer: Water and nutrients
2. Match items in column A with those in column B.
(i) Kharif crops – (e) Paddy and maize
(ii) Rabi crops – (d) Wheat, gram, pea
(iii) Chemical fertilisers – (b) Urea and superphosphate
(iv) Organic manure – (c) Animal excreta, cow dung urine and plant wastes
3. Give two examples of each.
(a) Kharif crop
Answer: Paddy, Maize
(b) Rabi crop
Answer: Wheat, Pea
4. Write a paragraph in your own words on each of the following.
(a) Preparation of soil
Preparation of soil is the first step in farming. The soil is loosened to help roots grow easily. It also improves air and water movement in the soil.
(b) Sowing
Sowing is the process of planting seeds in the soil. Healthy seeds are selected and sown using traditional methods or seed drills.
(c) Weeding
Removal of unwanted plants from the field is called weeding. Weeds compete with crops for water and nutrients.
(d) Threshing
Threshing is the process of separating grains from the chaff. It can be done by machines or by winnowing.
5. Explain how fertilisers are different from manure.
| Fertilisers | Manure |
|---|---|
| Inorganic substance | Organic substance |
| Made in factories | Made from plant and animal waste |
| Rich in nutrients | Less nutrients |
| Do not add humus | Add humus |
| Long use harms soil | Improves soil fertility |
6. What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water.
Irrigation: Supplying water to crops at regular intervals.
Methods:
-
Drip irrigation: Water is supplied drop by drop to the roots.
-
Sprinkler system: Water is sprayed over crops like rainfall.
7. If wheat is sown in the Kharif season, what would happen? Discuss.
Wheat may get destroyed because the Kharif season has heavy rain and unsuitable temperature. Wheat grows well in the Rabi season.
8. Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous plantation of crops in a field.
Continuous growing of crops reduces soil nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. This decreases soil fertility and crop yield.
9. What are weeds? How can we control them?
Weeds: Unwanted plants that grow with crops.
Control methods:
-
Tilling the soil
-
Manual removal
-
Using weedicides
10. Arrange the following boxes in proper order to make a flow chart of sugarcane crop production.
-
Preparation of soil
-
Ploughing the field
-
Sowing
-
Manuring
-
Irrigation
-
Harvesting
-
Sending crop to sugar factory
11. Complete the following word puzzle.
Down
-
Irrigation
-
Storage
-
Crop
Across
3. Harvester
4. Gram
6. Winnowing