9 class Animal Husbandry Revision Notes

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🐄 Class 9 – Chapter (Part-B): Animal Husbandry


1️⃣ Animal Husbandry

🔹 Definition

Scientific management of livestock.

🔹 Includes:

  • Feeding

  • Breeding

  • Disease control

  • Shelter management

🔹 Importance

  • Increasing demand for milk, eggs, meat

  • Provides additional income to farmers

2️⃣ Cattle Farming 🐄

🔹 Purpose

  1. Milk production

  2. Draught labour (ploughing, irrigation, transport)

🔹 Types of Cattle

  • Milch animals → Milk producing

  • Draught animals → Farm labour

🔹 Indian Species

  • Bos indicus (Cows)

  • Bos bubalis (Buffaloes)

🔹 Breed Improvement

  • Exotic breeds → Jersey, Brown Swiss

  • Indigenous breeds → Red Sindhi, Sahiwal

  • Method → Cross breeding
    ✔ Combines high milk yield + disease resistance

🏠 Cattle Management

Shelter

  • Well ventilated sheds

  • Sloping floor (easy cleaning)

  • Protection from rain, heat & cold

Feeding

Two types of food requirement:

  1. Maintenance requirement

  2. Milk producing requirement

Types of feed:

  • Roughage (high fibre)

  • Concentrates (high protein, nutrients)

Balanced ration required.

🦠 Diseases in Cattle

Types:

  • External parasites → Skin diseases

  • Internal parasites → Worms (stomach, liver)

  • Infectious diseases → Bacteria & viruses

✔ Vaccination prevents major diseases.

3️⃣ Poultry Farming 🐔

🔹 Purpose

  • Egg production (Layers)

  • Meat production (Broilers)

🔹 Breed Improvement

Cross breeding of:

  • Indigenous breeds → Aseel

  • Exotic breeds → Leghorn

🔹 Broilers

  • Faster growth

  • Protein-rich feed

  • Marketed for meat

🔹 Layers

  • Produce eggs

  • Require proper lighting

  • Balanced nutrition

🔹 Management

  • Clean housing

  • Temperature control

  • Disease prevention

4️⃣ Fish Production 🐟

Two Ways of Obtaining Fish:

  1. Capture fishing (Natural water bodies)

  2. Culture fishery (Fish farming)

🌊 Marine Fisheries

Marine fish examples:

  • Pomphret

  • Mackerel

  • Tuna

  • Sardines

Mariculture

  • Farming fish in sea water

  • Includes prawns, oysters, mussels

💧 Inland Fisheries

  • Fresh water: Rivers, ponds, canals

  • Brackish water: Estuaries

Composite Fish Culture

5–6 species grown together:

  • Catla (surface feeder)

  • Rohu (middle zone)

  • Mrigal (bottom feeder)

  • Grass carp (weed feeder)

✔ No competition
✔ Higher yield

Problem:

  • Lack of good quality fish seed

✔ Solution → Hormonal stimulation

5️⃣ Bee-Keeping 🐝




4

🔹 Importance

  • Honey production

  • Wax production

  • Additional income

🔹 Bee Varieties

  • Apis cerana indica (Indian bee)

  • Apis dorsata

  • Apis florae

  • Apis mellifera (Italian bee – high yield)

🔹 Desirable Characters

  • High honey collection

  • Less stinging

  • Stay long in hive

  • Good breeding capacity

🔹 Pasturage

  • Availability of flowers

  • Determines quality & taste of honey